GPS Motion Data Logger

// LilyGO T-SIM7600G-H R2: built-in SIM7600G-H modem uses UART2 on GPIO26/GPIO27.
// The 18650, nano-SIM, USB-C lead, and protected antenna enclosure are physical installation items; they do not change these GPIO assignments.
#define TINY_GSM_MODEM_SIM7600
#define TINY_GSM_RX_BUFFER 1024

#include <Arduino.h>
#include <Wire.h>

// The browser simulator has no Arduino Client implementation, so it simulates
// sampling only. ESP32 hardware retains the full TinyGSM cellular path.
#if defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32)
#include <TinyGsmClient.h>
#define HAS_CELLULAR_MODEM 1
#else
#define HAS_CELLULAR_MODEM 0
#endif

struct Sample {
  float ax;
  float ay;
  float az;
  float lat;
  float lon;
  float speed;
  bool fix;
};

// Forward declarations
bool writeMpuRegister(uint8_t reg, uint8_t value);
bool readMpuAcceleration(float &ax, float &ay, float &az);
void powerModem();
bool connectCellular();
void updateLocation();
String fieldValue(float value, uint8_t decimals);
void storeSample(unsigned long sampleTime);
void uploadBatchToThingSpeak();

constexpr int I2C_SDA_PIN = 21;
constexpr int I2C_SCL_PIN = 22;
constexpr int MODEM_RX_PIN = 26;
constexpr int MODEM_TX_PIN = 27;
constexpr int MODEM_PWRKEY_PIN = 4;
constexpr int MODEM_FLIGHT_PIN = 25;
constexpr uint8_t MPU_ADDRESS = 0x68;
constexpr unsigned long SAMPLE_INTERVAL_MS = 100;
// ThingSpeak accepts sequential bulk uploads no more often than every 15 seconds.
constexpr unsigned long UPLOAD_INTERVAL_MS = 15000;
constexpr uint16_t BATCH_CAPACITY = UPLOAD_INTERVAL_MS / SAMPLE_INTERVAL_MS;

// Fill in these three values before pressing Deploy.
const char APN[] = "YOUR_SIM_APN";
const char APN_USER[] = "";
const char APN_PASS[] = "";
const char THINGSPEAK_HOST[] = "api.thingspeak.com";
const char THINGSPEAK_CHANNEL_ID[] = "YOUR_THINGSPEAK_CHANNEL_ID";
const char THINGSPEAK_WRITE_KEY[] = "YOUR_THINGSPEAK_WRITE_KEY";

#if HAS_CELLULAR_MODEM
HardwareSerial SerialAT(2);
TinyGsm modem(SerialAT);
TinyGsmClient client(modem);
#endif

bool mpuReady = false;
bool networkReady = false;
bool gpsReady = false;
unsigned long lastSampleMs = 0;
unsigned long lastUploadMs = 0;
float axG = NAN;
float ayG = NAN;
float azG = NAN;
float latitude = NAN;
float longitude = NAN;
float speedKmh = NAN;
bool gpsFix = false;



Sample samples[BATCH_CAPACITY];
uint16_t sampleCount = 0;

bool writeMpuRegister(uint8_t reg, uint8_t value) {
  Wire.beginTransmission(MPU_ADDRESS);
  Wire.write(reg);
  Wire.write(value);
  return Wire.endTransmission() == 0;
}

bool readMpuAcceleration(float &ax, float &ay, float &az) {
  Wire.beginTransmission(MPU_ADDRESS);
  Wire.write(0x3B);
  if (Wire.endTransmission(false) != 0 || Wire.requestFrom(MPU_ADDRESS, (uint8_t)6) != 6) {
    return false;
  }
  const int16_t rawX = (int16_t)((Wire.read() << 8) | Wire.read());
  const int16_t rawY = (int16_t)((Wire.read() << 8) | Wire.read());
  const int16_t rawZ = (int16_t)((Wire.read() << 8) | Wire.read());
  ax = rawX / 16384.0f;
  ay = rawY / 16384.0f;
  az = rawZ / 16384.0f;
  return true;
}

void powerModem() {
  pinMode(MODEM_FLIGHT_PIN, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(MODEM_FLIGHT_PIN, HIGH);
  pinMode(MODEM_PWRKEY_PIN, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(MODEM_PWRKEY_PIN, HIGH);
  delay(300);
  digitalWrite(MODEM_PWRKEY_PIN, LOW);
  delay(1500);
  digitalWrite(MODEM_PWRKEY_PIN, HIGH);
  delay(8000);
}

bool connectCellular() {
#if !HAS_CELLULAR_MODEM
  Serial.println("# Browser simulator: cellular modem and ThingSpeak upload are not emulated.");
  return false;
#else
  if (!modem.restart()) {
    Serial.println("# Modem did not answer. Check that the board has USB power and its antennas are attached.");
    return false;
  }
  Serial.println("# Waiting for the mobile network...");
  if (!modem.waitForNetwork(60000L)) {
    Serial.println("# No mobile network yet. Check the SIM, coverage, and 4G antenna.");
    return false;
  }
  if (!modem.gprsConnect(APN, APN_USER, APN_PASS)) {
    Serial.println("# Mobile data connection failed. Check the APN value from your SIM provider.");
    return false;
  }
  gpsReady = modem.enableGPS();
  if (gpsReady) {
    // SIM7600 uses 1 for 1 Hz; every other value selects its 10 Hz GNSS rate.
    gpsReady = modem.setGPSOutputRate(10);
  }
  Serial.println(gpsReady ? "# Mobile data and built-in GPS are ready at 10 samples per second." : "# Mobile data is ready; built-in GPS could not be enabled at 10 samples per second yet.");
  return true;
#endif
}

void updateLocation() {
#if !HAS_CELLULAR_MODEM
  // The browser simulator has no GNSS modem; hardware reads the SIM7600 at 10 Hz.
  gpsFix = false;
  latitude = NAN;
  longitude = NAN;
  speedKmh = NAN;
  return;
#else
  // The SIM7600 GNSS engine runs at 10 Hz, so each 100 ms record gets its latest fix.
  if (!gpsReady) return;
  float accuracy = NAN;
  int year = 0, month = 0, day = 0, hour = 0, minute = 0, second = 0;
  const bool valid = modem.getGPS(&latitude, &longitude, &speedKmh, &accuracy,
                                  &year, &month, &day, &hour, &minute, &second);
  gpsFix = valid;
  if (!valid) {
    latitude = NAN;
    longitude = NAN;
    speedKmh = NAN;
  }
#endif
}

String fieldValue(float value, uint8_t decimals) {
  return isnan(value) ? String() : String(value, decimals);
}

void storeSample(unsigned long sampleTime) {
  if (sampleCount >= BATCH_CAPACITY) return;
  samples[sampleCount++] = {axG, ayG, azG, latitude, longitude, speedKmh, gpsFix};
}

void uploadBatchToThingSpeak() {
  if (sampleCount == 0) return;
#if !HAS_CELLULAR_MODEM
  Serial.println("# Browser simulator: retained sample batch; cellular upload is hardware-only.");
  sampleCount = 0;
  return;
#else
  if (!networkReady) {
    networkReady = connectCellular();
    if (!networkReady) return;
  }

  // Entries are timestamped relative to the preceding entry, 0.1 seconds apart.
  String body = String("{\"write_api_key\":\"") + THINGSPEAK_WRITE_KEY + "\",\"updates\":[";
  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < sampleCount; ++i) {
    if (i) body += ',';
    body += String("{\"delta_t\":") + (i == 0 ? "0" : "0.1") +
            ",\"field1\":" + fieldValue(samples[i].ax, 3) +
            ",\"field2\":" + fieldValue(samples[i].ay, 3) +
            ",\"field3\":" + fieldValue(samples[i].az, 3) +
            ",\"field4\":" + fieldValue(samples[i].lat, 6) +
            ",\"field5\":" + fieldValue(samples[i].lon, 6) +
            ",\"field6\":" + fieldValue(samples[i].speed, 2) +
            ",\"status\":\"" + (samples[i].fix ? "gps_fix" : "waiting_for_gps") + "\"}";
  }
  body += "]}";

  if (!client.connect(THINGSPEAK_HOST, 80)) {
    Serial.println("# Could not reach ThingSpeak; keeping this batch for a later retry.");
    networkReady = false;
    return;
  }
  const String path = String("/channels/") + THINGSPEAK_CHANNEL_ID + "/bulk_update.json";
  client.print(String("POST ") + path + " HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: " + THINGSPEAK_HOST +
               "\r\nContent-Type: application/json\r\nContent-Length: " + body.length() +
               "\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n" + body);
  const unsigned long deadline = millis() + 10000;
  while (client.connected() && millis() < deadline) {
    while (client.available()) Serial.write(client.read());
  }
  client.stop();
  sampleCount = 0;
  Serial.println("# 100 ms sample batch uploaded to ThingSpeak.");
#endif
}

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  Wire.begin(I2C_SDA_PIN, I2C_SCL_PIN);
  Wire.setClock(400000);
  mpuReady = writeMpuRegister(0x6B, 0x00);
  if (!mpuReady) Serial.println("# MPU-6050 was not found. Check its power and two data wires.");

#if HAS_CELLULAR_MODEM
  SerialAT.begin(115200, SERIAL_8N1, MODEM_RX_PIN, MODEM_TX_PIN);
  powerModem();
  networkReady = connectCellular();
#else
  Serial.println("# Browser simulator: MPU-6050 sampling path active; cellular modem path is not emulated.");
#endif
}

void loop() {
  const unsigned long now = millis();
  if (now - lastSampleMs >= SAMPLE_INTERVAL_MS) {
    lastSampleMs = now;
    if (mpuReady && !readMpuAcceleration(axG, ayG, azG)) mpuReady = false;
    updateLocation();
    storeSample(now);
    Serial.printf("sample_ms=%lu accel_g=%.3f,%.3f,%.3f lat=%.6f lon=%.6f speed_kmh=%.2f fix=%s\n",
                  now, axG, ayG, azG, latitude, longitude, speedKmh, gpsFix ? "yes" : "no");
  }
  if (now - lastUploadMs >= UPLOAD_INTERVAL_MS || sampleCount >= BATCH_CAPACITY) {
    lastUploadMs = now;
    uploadBatchToThingSpeak();
  }
}